Lower case refers to the smaller form of letters in the alphabet. These are the uncapitalised versions of the letters, such as "a", "b", "c", and so forth. They are typically used in the middle of sentences and for common nouns.
Upper case refers to the capital letters in the alphabet. In the English language, the uppercase counterparts of "a" and "b" are "A" and "B", respectively. These are commonly used to start sentences and for proper nouns.
Title case is a capitalisation style where the initial letter of each word is capitalised. For instance, the phrase "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" when written in title case becomes "The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Over The Lazy Dog"
Sentence case is another capitalisation style where only the first letter of the first word in a sentence is capitalised, while the rest of the words remain in lowercase. For example, the phrase "The Quick Brown Fox jumps over the Lazy Dog" in sentence case would be "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog".
Alternating case is a unique text formatting style where the letters of a word switch between uppercase and lowercase. For instance, the word "Hello" in alternating case could be written as "HeLlO" or "hElLo".
Inverse case is a process where the letter case of each alphabet character is flipped. In other words, lowercase letters are transformed into uppercase, and vice versa.
Reverse is a process that rearranges the characters in the text in a backward sequence, resulting in the entire text being reversed. For instance, "Hello World" would be reversed to "dlroW olleH".
Clear is a function that eliminates all the text from a given text area, leaving it empty and ready for new input.